茶树栽培种核型的研究

KARYOTYPES OF TEA CULTIVARS

摘要:

本文用去壁低渗法,研究了九个茶树品种花蕾体细胞染色体的核型。结果表明,在九个品种中,除了政和大白茶的体细胞染色体数目为2n=45是三倍体外,其余八个品种的染色体数目均为2n=30是二倍体。所有品种的核型特征各不相同,乔木大叶型品种的核型为较对称的“2A”类型,而灌木中叶型的品种为较不对称的“2B”类型。研究指出茶树乔木大叶型品种是较原始的类型,而灌木中小叶型品种是较进化的类型;采用花蕾为材料研究茶树染色体是较为简便而有效的方法。

Abstract:

Karyotypes from the flower bud of nine tea (Camellia smensis (L. ) Kuntze) cultivars were studied. Somatic chromosome numbers of these cultivars were 2n = 30, i. e diploids, except culti-var 'Zhenghe Dabaicha' which was 2n = 45, a triploid. The characteristics of the karyotypes of all the cultivars were diferent to some extent. According to chromosome classification, karyotypes of those with tree form and large leaf were more symmetric, belonging to 2A type, and those with shrub form and smaller leaf were less symmetric, belonging to 2B type. The results indicated that the cultivars having tree form and large leaf were less developed in origin, which supported the result of other researchers, and that using flower bud as reaearch material in tea chromosome study was an effective and convenient way.