黔南和黔中喀斯特天然林植物区系研究

Studies on the Floristics of Karst Nature Forests between Southern and Central Areas in Guizhou Province, China

摘要:

采用路线调查和典型样地结合的方法，比较了亚热带黔南荔波和黔中开阳不同生态区喀斯特天然林植物区系的异同。结果表明：荔波喀斯特天然林植物区系有146科408属827种(变种), 开阳有150科434属838种(变种)，两地共有118科227属200种(变种)。科水平上的科与种所占比例呈左型偏态分布，属水平上的属所占比例呈双曲线分布、种所占比例呈左型偏态分布，这反映了两区生态环境和森林起源的异质性。两区植物属的地理成分变化呈左型偏态分布、共有属呈双曲线分布，均是热带分布高于温带分布，荔波的热带分布属比例较高、开阳的温带分布属较高，这是两地纬度和海拔高度不同造成的水热条件差异所致。两区维管束植物的科和属的平均种数均小于贵州和中国植被，单种科与属的比例较高，这反映了喀斯特天然林植物区系的古老性和孑遗性。

Abstract:

The floristic similarities and differences of karst nature forests between Libo and Kaiyang, at Guizhou Province in subtropical zone, China, were studied based on field investigation and typical plots. The results showed that there are 827 species belonging to 408 genera and 146 families in Libo, and 838 species belonging to 434 genera and 150 families in Kaiyang, with 200 common species belonging to 227 genera and 118 families. The families and species percentage at family level were left-normal distributions, and the genera percentage at genus level was hyperbola distribution but species percentage was left-normal distribution. The differences in composition of families, genera and species in both areas indicated their heterogeneity of ecological condition and forest origination. The areal-type at genera level showed a left-normal change, and common genera for a hyperbola change, which the number of Tropical genera was more than that of Temperate. Due to the difference in latitude and altitude, the number of Tropical genera in Libo and that of Temperate genera in Kaiyang were higher. The ratio of species to families and species to genera in different areas were lower than those in Guizhou Province and China. Percentage of mono-specie families and mono-specie genera expressed oppositely trend. All these showed the ancient and solitary of karst nature forest floras.