兰科菌根研究综述

Summary of Research on Orchidaceous Mycorrhizae

摘要:

兰科菌根是一种内生菌根，主要寄生于兰科(Orchidaceae)植物的种子及根系上。对兰科菌根真菌的分类及真菌资源多样性、兰科菌根的形态和菌根对兰科植物的效应等最新研究进展进行了综述。目前研究已知，感染兰科植物根部并能与之共生的真菌绝大多数属于担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和半知菌门(Deuteromycotina)，也有部分属于子囊菌门(Ascomycota)；兰科菌根的形成可分为两种情况：一是对兰科植物种子的侵染；二是对成长新根的侵染。菌根真菌对兰科植物的种子萌发及植株生长发育均有一定影响。

Abstract:

Orchidaceous mycorrhizae which mainly parasitizes on orchid seeds and root systems is one kind of endomycorrhizae. The recent advances in the taxonomy of orchidaceous mycorrhizal fungi and diversities of fungal resources were reviewed, and morphology of orchid mycorrhizae as well as their effects on orchid plants were discussed. The recent studies showed that most orchid mycorrhizae belong to Basidiomycota and Deuteromycotina fungi, and some belong to Ascomycota. There are two modes for the formation of orchid mycorrhizae, one is the infection of orchid seeds and the other is the infection of orchid radicles. Orchid mycorrhizae has certain impacts on germination of orchid seeds and growth of orchid seedlings.