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  热带亚热带植物学报  2019, Vol. 27 Issue (3): 343-345  DOI: 10.11926/jtsb.4021
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引用本文  

盘波, 覃营, 袁泉, 等. 细口蜘蛛抱蛋,中国天门冬科一新记录种[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2019, 27(3): 343-345. DOI: 10.11926/jtsb.4021.
PAN Bo, QIN Yin, YUAN Quan, et al. Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. et Tillich, A New Record of Asparagaceae from China[J]. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 2019, 27(3): 343-345. DOI: 10.11926/jtsb.4021.

基金项目

国家自然科学基金项目(31760061);科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100100)资助

通信作者

林春蕊.E-mail:chunruilin@tom.com

作者简介

盘波(1982~), 男, 助理研究员, 从事物种保育与植物栽培研究。E-mail:panbo@gxib.cn

文章历史

收稿日期:2018-11-12
接受日期:2019-01-18
细口蜘蛛抱蛋,中国天门冬科一新记录种
盘波 1, 覃营 1,2, 袁泉 1,2, 林春蕊 1     
1. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所, 广西桂林 541006;
2. 广西师范大学生命科学学院, 广西 桂林 541006
摘要:报道了中国天门冬科蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种:细口蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. et Tillich),并提供特征描述及彩色图片。凭证标本存放于广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)。
关键词细口蜘蛛抱蛋    天门冬科    新记录    中国    
Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. et Tillich, A New Record of Asparagaceae from China
PAN Bo 1, QIN Yin 1,2, YUAN Quan 1,2, LIN Chun-rui 1     
1. Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;
2. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China
Foundation item: This work supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31760061), and the Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China (Grant No. 2017FY100100)
Abstract: Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. et Tillich, a newly recorded species of Asparagaceae from China is reported. This species is known only from northwestern Vietnam and the limestone areas in Napo county, southwestern Guangxi, China. Charactristic description and color photos are provided. The voucher specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBK).
Key words: Aspidistra semiaperta    Asparagaceae    New record    China    

蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra Ker Gawler)分布于亚洲东南部[1],是单子叶植物中物种多样性较丰富的属之一,目前已描述发表的蜘蛛抱蛋属物种已近180种,主要分布于中国(110种)和越南(75种),极少数分布于泰国、老挝、日本、印度和马来西亚[2-7]。中国蜘蛛抱蛋属植物主要分布于华南和西南地区, 其中广西已知野生分布达70种,是中国蜘蛛抱蛋属种类最多的省份[8-9]

2016年6月,作者在广西中越边境地区进行植物物种多样性调查期间,采集到一种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物,并引种至桂林植物园栽培,在随后两年秋季均观察到开花,花被坛状、紫色。通过查阅相关文献资料以及对标本进行研究[10-14],鉴定为中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种:Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. et Tillich[15-16],经与发表该物种的H. J. Tillich博士交流(电子邮件),进一步确认鉴定结果无误。鉴于该种植物为中国首次记录的物种,现拟名为细口蜘蛛抱蛋。并进行详细报道。

细口蜘蛛抱蛋(新拟)  图 1

图 1 细口蜘蛛抱蛋。A:植株; B:花的正面; C:花剖开, 示雄蕊和雌蕊; D:花的侧面; E:花被裂片, 可见雌蕊; F:柱头下表面; G:柱头上表面。 Fig. 1 Asipidistra semiaperta. A: Flowering plant; B: Flower apical view; C: Perigone, dissected to show stamens and pistil; D: Flower lateral view; E: Flower with half of perianth removed showing pistil; F: Stigma abaxial view; G: Stigma apical view.

Aspidistra semiaperta Aver. et Tillich in Nordic Journal of Botany 33: 373-376, 2015; Nordic Journal of Botany 36: 1-19, 2018.

多年生常绿草本。根状茎匍匐,近圆柱形,直径6~8 mm,具密节和鳞片。叶鞘4~5枚,长1~ 4 cm,紫红色,不等长,枯后裂成纤维状;叶单生,彼此相距约1~2 cm;叶柄坚挺,长8~13 cm,直径约2 mm,腹面具槽;叶片椭圆状披针形,长15~22 cm, 宽3~4.5 cm,绿色,先端渐尖,基部楔形至阔楔形,两侧不对称,边全缘。总花梗紫红色,长约1 cm,具4~6枚苞片,有3~4枚贴近花基部, 位于花基部的2枚苞片宽卵形,白色带紫色斑点,长约1 cm,宽1.5 cm,先端微钝。花单生;花被坛状,鲜时肉质,先端6浅裂;花被筒高8~10 mm,直径12~16 mm,外侧基部白色,上部密带深紫色斑点(越南的花外侧深紫色),内侧紫黑色,微具细疣;裂片近等大,三角形,先端钝,近直立,长3~4 mm, 基部宽4~5 mm,外侧紫色,内侧白色密带紫色斑点,具不规则皱褶或细疣,每裂片基部内侧增厚呈2条具细乳突的脊状隆起从花被筒口延至花被筒中部; 雄蕊6枚,无柄,贴生于花被筒近基部,与花被裂片对生,花粉囊朝上,花药黄色,阔卵形,长约2 mm,宽约1.5 mm;雌蕊蘑菇状,长6~8 mm,子房不明显,花柱粗短,白色,长3~4 mm,直径约4 mm, 柱头盾状膨大,近六边形,直径10~14 mm,上表面平坦,微被细乳突,白色带不规则掌状紫色彩纹, 边缘染深紫色,下表面白色, 边缘微6裂, 裂片边缘微波状上卷。花期10-11月。

细口蜘蛛抱蛋花被形态与拟卵叶蜘蛛抱蛋(A. ovatifolius Yan Liu et C. R. Lin) [17]相似, 但前者的叶椭圆状披针形,花被裂片内侧具不规则皱褶或细疣,基部增厚呈2条脊状隆起延伸到花被筒中部, 雌蕊柱头上表面平坦,白色带掌状紫色彩纹而不同。本种花被形态亦与狭叶蜘蛛抱蛋(A. stenophylla C. R. Lin et R. C. Hu)[18]相近,但后者的叶线形,花被裂片稍内弯,柱头上表面紫色,中央具3条辐射状直线脊状隆起,间隔区具3个倒“V”形白色脊状隆起而不同。

分布:中国(新记录),越南,老挝。

引证标本:广西那坡县百南乡弄卜村,生长在石灰岩常绿阔叶林下,海拔950 m,2016年6月25日,盘波P419 (IBK);广西桂林市桂林植物园,栽培,2018年10月23日,林春蕊1093 (IBK)。

致谢 德国路德维格-马克西米利安大学生物系Hans-Juergen Tillich博士协助鉴定标本,特致诚挚谢意。

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